When a Church is not a Church, Section D

By Mark Roberts

Part 9 of series: What is a Church? Biblical Basics for Christian Community

In yesterday's post I explained that the earliest Christian usage of the word ekklesia, which is normally translated as "church" in English Bibles, referred to an actual gathering of believers in Jesus. The ekklesia in Thessalonica didn't exist, therefore, unless the Thessalonian Christians were actually together. So when Paul wrote a letter to this ekklesia, he didn't mean "all the Christians in the city wherever they might happen to be." Rather, he meant "all the Christians in the city who were gathered together at a certain time."

I realize that this might sound rather trivial, the sort of thing that advances academic careers while boring ordinary people to death. But there are, I believe, important implications of the meaning of ekklesia for our understanding of what a church is.

Implications of Our Understanding of Church

Once we get beyond the "church is a building" mistake, we tend to think of a church as "all of the members of a particular Christian institution, whether they are present in the gathering or not." If you ask me, "How big is Irvine Presbyterian Church?" I'll say, "Oh, we have about 750 members." I do not mean by this that we ever have all 750 in the same place at the same time. This almost never happens because we don't have a room large enough for this number of people. In common speech, Irvine Presbyterian Church is composed of those who have decided to this particular group of people their religious home, whether they show up very much or not.

This understanding of church has some benefits, to be sure. It means that you're still a member of the church if you're sick on a Sunday and can't show up for worship. This is comforting, to be sure. But there is a downside to thinking of a church as a collection of people who may or may not ever actually be together. This downside is illustrated in a conversation I had with somebody not long ago. She was talking about her church, so I asked, "Oh, are you a member of Anonymous Presbyterian Church." "Yes," she answered, "I'm a member there. But I don't attend very often."

I'm sure you've heard this sort of thing before. Maybe you've said it yourself. You can be a member of a church in good standing and not be physically present in the regular gatherings very often. But from a New Testament point of view, this is peculiar indeed. One was part of the ekklesia in Thessalonica if one was part of the real gathering because, indeed, ekklesia meant "gathering." To say, "I'm a part of a church but I don't attend very often" would be rather like if you invited me to a party at your house on Sunday evening, "I'm having a little gathering of friends on Sunday night. Can you come?" and I answered, "Sure, I'll be a part of your gathering, but I won't be able to attend." You'd be downright confused by my answer, because being a part of a gathering means being physically present.

I'm belaboring this point because one of the major problems in with our churches today is that many of our members don't actually participate very much. I saw a survey not long ago that found average church attendance in America to be 30-40% of membership, and this includes non-member visitors. It's likely, therefore, that only about one-third of people who associate themselves with a particular church actually associate in reality with that church on a regular basis. To put it negatively in the vernacular, about two-thirds of church members don't regularly go to church. But if the ekklesia is meant to be the actual gathering of people, not some ethereal club, then something is terribly wrong when the majority of so-called church members aren't regularly present with the church.

Please understand, I'm not necessarily blaming church members for this problem, though they surely contribute to it. Churches and church leaders have much to do with the problem of inactive members. Among other things, we have perpetuated that notion that church is about joining something where literal attendance isn't assumed. Moreover, we have often made the content of our assemblies so boring and irrelevant that I can't blame folks for attending irregularly. All pastors need to ask themselves: Would I show up on Sunday morning at my church if I didn't have to?

To sum up: When is a church not a church? If we take seriously the New Testament sense of ekklesia, then our answer is: When the church is not gathered together. To translate a bit more literally, The assembly is not the assembly when it isn't assembled. Now I certainly believe there's a sense in which we can be the church when we're scattered in the world, and I'll have more to say about this later. But, for now, it's important to note that there's something extremely important, and, indeed, essential about the actual gathering of Christians. Though there may be a derivative sense in which the church can be scattered, the regular assembly of believers is absolutely crucial to the health, if not the essence of a church.